Transport & Accessibility Policy
Alternative Solutions
The UK Transport ideas exchange
& discussion forum
Welcome to TAPAS
Here are just some of the issues we are keen to see under discussion
Latest issues under discussion amongst transport professionals
1) TRICS and Vision-Led Transport Planning: A New Era of Innovation and Development | Ian Coles | 25 October 2024
2) Yes, AVs can have a role - but only where they fit in | Peter Stonham | 16 October 2024
3) It’s like the Wild West on our streets. I can name the outlaws, but where’s the Sheriff? | John Dales | 16 October 2024
4) 34 million cars in the UK – but a changing mix of what they are, and who drives them | John Siraut | 16 October 2024
5) Cycling fatalities are rising in the Netherlands – so, why are we still trying to emulate their approach? | Vincent Stops | 16 October 2024
6) Putting the car in its place | Peter Stonham | 2 October 2024
7) Timing is crucial for a launch of road pricing - and might that time be now? | Richard Sallnow | 2 October 2024
8) Welsh 20mph default limit remains unpopular after first year, despite safety evidence | Rhodri Clark | 2 October 2024
9) Budget thinking could define this Government’s term for transport | Peter Stonham | 18 September 2024
10) The Smeed Report on Road Pricing: Still influential after 60 years, but the difficult issues still remain | Phil Goodwin | 18 September 2024
1) The Smeed Report on Road Pricing: Still influential after 60 years, but the difficult issues still remain | Phil Goodwin | 18 September 2024
2) Elizabeth line defies elasticity models: modal transfers and generated demand provide new paradigm for high profile changes to network | Rhodri Clark | 1 August 2023
3) 34 million cars in the UK – but a changing mix of what they are, and who drives them | John Siraut | 16 October 2024
4) Decision time for England’s biggest road project. What are the implications? (Part One) | Phil Goodwin | 6 February 2024
5) Bus Connectivity Assessment: a new element in the transport planning toolkit | Devon Barrett | 18 September 2024
6) Is this the chance to finally deliver new housing served by sustainable transport? | Colin Black | 5 September 2024
7) Decision time for England’s biggest road project. What are the implications? (Part Two) | Phil Goodwin | 21 March 2024
8) Pandemic impacts fading into wider long-term trends, new NTS reveals | John Siraut | 18 September 2024
9) The Theoretical and Practical Limits to Demand Responsive Transport Services | John Sutton | 6 March 2024
10) Happy 10th birthday to the ‘Mini Holland’ poster child, and may there be many more happy returns | John Dales | 5 June 2024
TRICS and Vision-Led Transport Planning: A New Era of Innovation and Development
For the past 35 years, the TRICS system of trip generation analysis has been an integral part of the Transport Assessment of thousands of new developments through the planning process. The interactive and inclusive relationship that TRICS has with its users has meant that it has constantly moved forward and innovated to meet changing industry needs, with examples including its introduction of multi-modal surveys and detailed Travel Plan information through its Standardised Assessment Methodology (SAM). In this article, Ian Coles charts the evolution and adaptation of TRICS and outlines why the system is ideally placed to be the evidence base necessary for vision-led Transport Planning.
It’s like the Wild West on our streets. I can name the outlaws, but where’s the Sheriff?
The streets, kerbsides and pavements of our urban areas are a precious resource that support a varied set of activities contributing to our social, economic and cultural life. Considerate behaviour by all the different users, and strong management by the Highway Authorities are essential elements in making the best of things to everyone’s benefits, believes John Dales. But he sees instead a kerbside free-for-all akin to the Wild West, and thinks it’s high time to sort out the outlaws.
34 million cars in the UK – but a changing mix of what they are, and who drives them
The number of cars in the UK has continued to grow, but also to change in both the types of vehicle – and who owns them. So has the cohort of licence holders. John Siraut explores the characteristics of this huge fleet and their drivers, and what it means for transport policy.
Cycling fatalities are rising in the Netherlands – so, why are we still trying to emulate their approach?
The Netherlands has long been lauded as a safe cycling nation. But new data suggests that cycling fatalities there are on the rise, with the increased use of e-bikes, especially by older people, seen as a possible reason. In Britain, meanwhile, cycling fatalities and rates per billion kms are going down. Should we still be trying to emulate the Dutch approach to road safety, asks Vincent Stops, in the first of a three part series looking at current cycle policy issues.
Yes, AVs can have a role - but only where they fit in
AUTOMATED VEHICLES are in the news again - they could hardly not be if Elon Musk is involved. But the Tesla CEO’s launch of his much-fanfared Robotaxi at a glitzy event held at Warner Bros. Studios in Burbank, California complete with dancing Robots was arguably more show than substance. Musk unveiled the Cybercab: a self-driving taxi which has two seats, no steering wheel and no pedals, saying, rather unconvincingly it would be available “before 2027”. “I think it’s going to be a glorious future,” he told the crowd. But glorious for whom, he didn’t amplify.
Timing is crucial for a launch of road pricing - and might that time be now?
There have been a swathe of reports and articles over recent years campaigning and justifying the need for national road pricing in the UK, but it is critical to get the timing right. It could potentially take around three and a half years to put in place, believes Richard Sallnow. With a new Government in office, might the time to begin that process be now, he wonders? In this third part of his look at the topic he stresses it would require public and private sector collaboration, extensive public engagement and a good dose of political will.
Putting the car in its place
MARGARET THATCHER was reputed to have once asserted that ‘anyone on a bus over the age of 25 is a failure’.
We can’t prove whether the former Prime Minister did or didn’t say this, but it appears that the phrase was originally coined in post war Society circles and picked up and popularised by the Duchess of Westminster in the 1950s. At some point it became common to attribute the statement to Mrs Thatcher after she apparently said something similar in 1986.
Welsh 20mph default limit remains unpopular after first year, despite safety evidence
In September 2023, Wales took the radical step of changing the default speed limit on restricted roads in urban areas from 30mph to 20mph. Rhodri Clark comments on the first year of the new default limit, and considers why the policy remains unpopular despite strong early evidence of safety benefits
The Smeed Report on Road Pricing: Still influential after 60 years, but the difficult issues still remain
The idea of ‘pay as you go’ charging for road use has been around for more than half a century , but still only adopted in a handful of situations world wide . The case was lucidly made back in 1964 in the seminal report to the then Ministry of Transport by a panel led by Reuben Smeed. Attractive to many economists and traffic engineering technologists, the same cannot be said for the politicians who need to sign off schemes, observes Phil Goodwin. Here he explores the uncompleted journey towards the application of road pricing in the UK – and the circumstances in which it might yet happen.
Pandemic impacts fading into wider long-term trends, new NTS reveals
The newly published major tranche of data from the National Travel Survey 2023, is the first to be totally clear of direct effects of the Pandemic and the associated restrictions on activities and travel it brought. These clearly were a major interruption to normal behaviours, but John Siraut believes the new figures suggest that established trends have not been much changed- and probably just accelerated
Budget thinking could define this Government’s term for transport
SPECULATION IS GROWING about the transport implications of the new Labour government’s first Budget on 30 October. Both prime minister Kier Starmer and Chancellor Rachel Reeves have continued to warn of ‘tough choices’ to address a funding gap which will impact both the government’s tax and spending policies, whilst they talk the language of ‘new priorities’ and more rigorous approaches to meeting objectives and securing value for money from investment.
Bus Connectivity Assessment: a new element in the transport planning toolkit
A new tool to assess local bus connectivity has been created in response to the Department for Transport’s requirements for ongoing Bus Service Improvement Plans by Local Transport Authorities. Devon Barrett, CTO of Podaris, led the project at the transport planning and analysis software company. Here he describes how the tool was created to produce bus network connectivity metrics and discusses the need for continual refinement and increased discussion about what the concept of connectivity should measure.
Is this the chance to finally deliver new housing served by sustainable transport?
The new government is determined to see a major expansion in housing provision, linked, it says, to transport provision developed on the basis of the vision-led approach rather than ‘predict and provide’ highways-based thinking. Colin Black likes the ideas expressed in the revised National Planning Policy Statement, but is concerned that aspirations are not enough on their own to overcome established models of development. He looks at what the guidance has to say to make sure there can be no back sliding, and what work has already been done that can help specify the required content.
Housing Development and Highways - will we ever break the link?
Why does new housebuilding still so often mean major new highway investment asks Colin Black? Predict and Provide may be disavowed now, but the old paradigms of Transport Impact Assessment live on in both the types of housing provision proposed, and the accessibility arrangements supposedly essential to go with it. Can local planning and transport authorities themselves specify approaches that break the link - or is something much more definitive needed at national policy level he wonders. And might a new Government potentially have the motivation needed to deliver it?
Why we need to look at Travel Behaviour differently now
The new government is promising to take a different course on transport, but it is not just policy change on railways and buses, and even roads, that’s needed, believes David Metz. A core component of thinking must be to reassess what kind of travel behaviour we are seeking to cater for now, and where that fits in wider national objectives, especially decarbonisation. In view of the importance of the subject, he’s written a new book about it, which he reflects upon here.
An industrial view of a public policy puzzle
THE LONG-AWAITED report from the group led by Juergen Maier commissioned by Transport Secretary Louise Haigh when in opposition, has come as something of a disappointment to anyone hoping to see the full shape of the new Government’s transport strategy emerging, or even a comprehensive vision for the two subject areas it has specifically addressed - rail and urban transport.
Peak Complexity – Why Things Stop Working, and how that Should Worry the Transport Sector
The rise of complex systems and a dependency on new information technologies that seem beyond human supervision or intervention when things go wrong is a worrying recent development across society , but particularly in the world of transport, believes Steve Melia. He is concerned that such systems and processes are not only bringing new problems, but doing little to address the fundamental challenges that really need attention- like tackling climate change. He wonders if simplification and reduction in the systems we use is being overlooked in seeking better ways forward.
The big challenges for transport from Labour’s devolution plan
The new Labour Government promises a significant further step in the devolution of responsibilities from Westminster to Mayors and Local Transport Authorities. But whilst the intentions are good, the devil will be in the detail says Ralph Smyth. He examines the extensive range of overlapping issues to be addressed with new powers, arguing clarity about responsibilities and resourcing is urgently needed. It is going to be a challenging process to get an effective and durable new settlement in place, he believes.
The Machine Stops
THERE ARE certain industries that, due to their time-critical nature, service delivery structure, and user characteristics and expectations, are particularly susceptible to any system downtime or unpredictable interruptions to service. Transport and logistics have become a prime example in our modern digital world, meaning everything from passenger transport services to traffic control and freight distribution are in the front line for any IT system failure.
How will the Government deliver on infrastructure now? Does Reeves’ speech point way to new private finance plans?
The Chancellor Rachel Reeves has told Parliament that the new Labour Government has inherited a financial black hole, and has instructed the Transport Secretary that she must go through her Department’s capital spending plans in detail to make savings and ensure value for money. Peter Stonham looks at the challenge that poses.
What should the new Government do about Roads and Traffic? A Strategy for Truth and Reconciliation
The new Labour administration is faced with making a challenging set of decisions about controversial highway schemes inherited from the previous Government, and setting out a wider framework of future roads and traffic policy, which it didn’t do before the Election. Phil Goodwin argues that a long hard look at the legacy position and establishment of clear set of objectives is needed to anchor decisions going forward. He suggests the establishment of thoughtful and inclusive independent review would really help that process
Transport matters a lot - but not in elections. And that, on the whole, is a good thing
This publication, and its readers, are both really concerned about transports matters. But, as John Dales argues here, that’s not generally the position of most ordinary citizens, with transport not at all a defining issue when it comes to national elections. So why, he wonders, did the Conservatives go overboard in trying to make the needs of drivers a key plank of their pitch? He’s pretty confident it was a pointless exercise, and is quite pleased about that too.
Labour starts its transport journey…But who is deciding the path?
IN JUST A WEEK OR SO since the General Election, the new Labour Government has been very active in asserting the arrival of a new era in British politics. Though not the highest of profile areas, transport has had its fair share of attention, particularly in the choice of the full ministerial team of five, led by Louise Haigh, taking forward her former role as Shadow Transport Secretary, but with two particularly interesting ministers in support — Lord Peter Hendy, spearheading Labour’s rail agenda, and Lilian Greenwood given the interesting title of Future of Roads Minister — alongside Simon Lightwood leading on Local Transport, and Mike Kane responsible for Aviation and Maritime.
Triple Access Planning is a useful concept – but have the practicalities been fully thought through?
Recognition that transport provision is just one part of achieving spatial connectivity and user accessibility is a welcome step says David Metz. But he feels that the formalised concept of Triple Access Planning is an idealised approach to embracing this truism, and the realities of specific geographic transport challenges, available practical options, and public and political behavioural expectations mean the theory will be hard to deploy successfully.
Happy 10th birthday to the ‘Mini Holland’ poster child, and may there be many more happy returns
It’s been 10 years since Waltham Forest secured £27m funding from the London Mayor to create a ‘Mini Holland’. The far-reaching success of the programme illustrates the importance of genuine leadership, holding your nerve in the face of adversity, and understanding what the majority thinks, not just what the minority shout, says John Dales
Transport investment appraisal - What are we really trying to measure?
Measurement of inputs and outputs from transport investment has been refined over the 50 years or so since the concept of cost-benefit analysis was first applied in the sector. But David Metz believes that the underpinning conceptual thinking has not been re-examined sufficiently to reflect new objectives, priorities and public spending choices, with debate restricted to detail within a narrow group of professionals. The fresh thinking of the Welsh Government to embrace wider issues is welcome, but still leaves unresolved issues, he argues.
The deep flaws in how we model freight
The treatment of freight movements is an area of serious weakness in transport planning, writes Professor Phil Goodwin. The assumptions being made are not underpinned by adequate understanding, suffer from a lack of suitable data analysis, and embed misrepresentation of commercial and economic realities. All this seems highly likely to be leading to inappropriate decision-making. An in-depth review is needed, he argues.
Where is MaaS going? Its complicated…
Mobility as a Service has been an idea that’s time has supposedly come for a decade or more. However it’s not hit the mainstream, and one of the companies that has led the way in developing the concept has just gone bust. Is it being stopped from taking off? Will it ever deliver the benefits for easy- to- use multi modal travel that its advocates believe are possible? The authors of a new book on MaaS, Beate Kubitz and James Gleave, outline the current state of play, and the prospects.
Sidewalk stories from the Big Apple. What makes a city special - and worth fighting for
Looking at other countries, cities and cultures can teach us a lot, and give us a new lens through which to examine how we live and work ourselves, says John Dales. Just back from the USA he reflects on some of the forces that shaped New York, and the dangers of chasing future visions that miss the fundamentals of what really matters.
What is the place for DRT in the wider public transport system?
Each transport mode has operational and economic attributes that define its potential to play a role within the overall mix of options. As technologies and business concepts evolve, the transport options change too. But reality and cost-effectiveness, rather than promotional claims, should define the most appropriate choices in public policy and expenditure on them, argues Professor Peter White. He is concerned in particular about an absence of consistent examination and evaluation about what Demand Responsive Transport can deliver at an acceptable cost.
Triple Access Planning – a diffusing innovation that reflects our new look world
Transport planning must evolve to match the new context of a changing world in which mobility is just one element of how we connect with the things we need and want to have, and to do, says Professor Glenn Lyons. Here he explains the origins and development of the Triple Access Planning idea, and introduces a new Handbook about it with guidance for practitioners about implementing the concept in the context of their professional activities.
Decision time for England’s biggest road project. What are the implications?
The recently completed examination of the revised National Highways proposals for a new downstream crossing of the Thames between Kent and Essex exposed some fundamental issues about how the rationale behind its justification was both presented and tested, believes Phil Goodwin. These are matters of more general significance, he feels, and here he provides an analysis of the case presented, and the wider questions it highlights about major road scheme appraisal and the robustness of the review process, in the first of a two parts TAPAS contribution on the Lower Thames Crossing, and the issues it raises
Round Table Discussions
Second successful ‘Transport Thinking Forum’ Round Table event in association with TAPAS tackles ‘changing travel behaviour’
We are very pleased to record our holding of the second successful ‘Transport Thinking Forum’ Round Table event in association with TAPAS, which addressed the theme of achieving behaviour change in transport. You can read several articles on this topic on TAPAS.
First successful ‘Transport Thinking Forum’ Round Table event in association with TAPAS
We are very pleased to record our holding of the first successful ‘Transport Thinking Forum’ Round Table event in association with TAPAS, which addressed the theme of achieving a sustainable future for UK transport.
Featured TAPAS Collection
Road Plan Assessment and Appraisal
With both economic and environmental issues to the fore, TAPAS contributors, Phil Goodwin, Greg Marsden, Derek Halden, David Metz and others explored the basis on which major road investment schemes can be justified or not.
See the articles and join the discussion.
The route to Net Zero: DfT assumptions look well off course
The Welsh Government Roads Review
The 2022 DfT National Road Traffic Projections: unanswered questions and required conversations
More Work is Needed on the Interactions between Appraisal and Investment - and explaining where the costs and benefits go
When the facts change, we should change our thinking – and that’s the case with planning our future transport now
Reviews and Reflections
Phil Goodwin
Professor Phil Goodwin is Emeritus Professor of Transport Policy, University College London and University of the West of England. He was head of the Transport Studies Unit at Oxford University for 16 years, before moving to UCL in 1996.
50th Anniversary of the Transport Studies Unit, Oxford University: A Memoir
Having been (up to now) TSU’s longest serving Director, I was pleased to open the 50th Anniversary celebrations, with an assessment of its changing role over the years.
The arc of TSU has been an unusual one. The pre-history in the 1950s was intended as a focus for the intellectual activity of the transport industries. The Unit itself started in 1973, with Ian Heggie as Director, as a mostly detached part of the Economics Sub-Faculty, with almost no teaching, entirely self-funding, and research that was a challenge to the prevailing transport orthodoxy of economics-based modelling. When I was Director, it developed a strong research-based influence on policy, mostly in challenging the predominance of ‘predict and provide’ approaches subordinated to car dependence. At the height of this influence, in 1994, we were awarded an exceptional ESRC ‘centre of excellence’ designation, with 10 year funding based on rethinking traffic growth and replacing equilibrium methodologies by dynamic ones: that work was completed not in Oxford, but by the Unit decamping to London.
Arman Farahmand-Razavi
Arman Farahmand-Razavi is a transport and planning advisor and a business strategy professional. He is the joint editor of the TAPAS.Network.
This might turn out to be another significant moment
Arman Farahmand-Razavi offers his personal reflections on a forum that embraced the big issues of our time, and how it has reminded him of past gatherings of the sector’s leading thinkers
REFLECTING on the 5th Annual Local Transport Summit in Brentford last month, I felt privileged to be part of a discussion that could come to be seen as a significant moment in the history of professional transport planning in the UK. The significance may not have been the event itself, or any of the individual speakers and their presentations. But after the traumatic experience of the past 18 months it provided a special opportunity to get together physically and to take stock of what had changed in the world since the start of the Covid-19 pandemic.
And the world certainly seems to be a different place, needing new approaches to addressing the very real challenges that humanity faces.